Efficient algorithms and protocols for energy conservation of wireless sensor networks: A survey and future directions

Shajan M. Mahdi, Basim Jamil Ali and Mohanad Ali Meteab Al-Obaidi *

Department of Computer Science, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad Iraq.
 
Review Article
Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances, 2025, 22(02), 027–033.
Article DOI: 10.30574/gjeta.2025.22.2.0022
Publication history: 
Received on 23 December 2024; revised on 02 February 2025; accepted on 05 February 2025
 
Abstract: 
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play an increasing role in very large-scale Health applications, environmental monitoring, industrial automation, science and military and agricultural industries, as well as smart and large cities. and large-scale applications. These nodes have limited resources such as limited memory and power. These nodes are responsible for transmitting data in real-time and must be secure and reliable. An important consideration is how to keep the energy of these nodes running efficiently for as long as possible. These requirements pose a major challenge in selecting appropriate protocols for routing and data transmission in a secure and continuous manner without interruption. Previous studies have focused on innovating and developing energy-saving algorithms and ensuring network scalability using machine learning methods to predict energy consumption behavior. This paper focuses on reviewing energy-optimizing algorithms and their types, energy-minimizing protocols and their working mechanisms, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as the relationship between energy and energy-optimizing encryption algorithms.
 
Keywords: 
WSN; PEGASIS; TEEN; EADAT; LEACH; Gathering; Grain; Trivium
 
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