Subject review: A foundation of bio-computing

For many years, computer scientists have designed several computational methods and algorithms all inspired by the biological systems. Biological computing is the use of living organisms or their component parts to perform computing operations or operations associated with computing. The various forms of biological computing take a different route than those used by quantum or optical computing to overcome the limitations to performance that silicon-based computers face. In this paper a review of fundamental concepts are introduced and the various advantages and challenges to implement the biological computer technology are explored.