Design and development of a gamified Moodle-based online learning course integrating interactive videos and immersive activities to enhance student engagement in probability learning

The digital transformation of higher education has accelerated the adoption of online learning environments while simultaneously highlighting persistent challenges related to student engagement. These challenges are particularly evident in probability education, where abstract concepts and traditional teacher-centered approaches often hinder students' understanding and motivation. To address this issue, the present study proposes the design and development of a gamified online learning course integrating interactive videos and immersive activities within the Moodle learning management system to enhance undergraduate mathematics students' engagement in probability learning.
This study follows a Design and Development Research (DDR) methodology and adopts the ADDIE instructional design model as its methodological framework. The proposed learning environment is grounded in constructivism, social constructivism, cognitive load theory, and connectivism, while incorporating principles of instructional design, gamification, and interactive educational technologies.
The developed course consists of eight progressive learning modules integrating interactive videos, collaborative activities, formative assessments, and original educational games developed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, including Lucky Wheel Challenge, Stop Chrono Challenge, and Mission Weather Control. All learning resources are deployed within Moodle following a pedagogical sequence based on contextualization, knowledge structuring, reflection, and knowledge transfer, thereby promoting active and progressive learning.
The proposed instructional design model demonstrates how gamification, interactive videos, immersive learning activities, and collaborative tools can be coherently integrated into a single online learning environment. This work contributes to the field of instructional design for probability education by providing a reproducible pedagogical framework that can be adapted to other higher education disciplines. Future research will focus on experimentally evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed learning environment in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes.