Fast Detection and Precise Fault Localization Technique for DC Power Networks

DC distribution grids experience fault currents contributed by a wide range of distributed energy resources (DERs). Due to the inherently low impedance of tightly interconnected DC topologies, these currents escalate almost immediately once a fault occurs. Even though many power-electronic interfaces incorporate mechanisms to limit fault current, the regulated current profiles observed along various points of the network tend to be very similar, which severely restricts the effectiveness of protection methods that rely solely on current-magnitude differences. Consequently, DC networks require a protection approach capable of providing rapid, reliable fault detection and accurate fault localization.

This study presents a fault-location strategy that operates using only local electrical measurements and is specifically tailored for highly coupled DC architectures. The procedure determines , enabling swift fault clearing. The algorithm’s performance and resilience are demonstrated through comprehensive numerical simulations as well as experimental validation on hardware.